• Marc D Moncrieff, Richard Martin, Christopher J O'Brien, Kerwin F Shannon, Jonathan R Clark, Kan Gao, William M McCarthy, and John F Thompson.
• The Sydney Melanoma Unit, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia.
• Ann. Surg. Oncol. 2008 Nov 1; 15 (11): 3022-7.

BackgroundThe use of adjuvant radiotherapy after lymph node dissection for metastatic melanoma remains controversial. This study examined the effectiveness of adjuvant radiotherapy in controlling regional disease in high-risk patients.MethodsA total of 716 patients were identified from a large prospective database who underwent cervical lymph node surgery between 1990 and 2004. Patients with high-risk disease were offered radiotherapy (n = 129), and this group was compared with the group of patients who did not receive radiotherapy (n = 587) in the same period.ResultsRadiotherapy did not improve regional control in patients who had metastatic melanoma of the cervical lymph nodes (P = .2). There were 10% fewer regional recurrences in patients with extracapsular spread who received adjuvant radiotherapy, although this was not statistically significant (P = .34). Adjuvant radiotherapy conferred no overall survival benefit to patients with nodal metastases (P = .39). There was a statistically significant trend for worse survival with increasing nodal tumor burden that remained unchanged with adjuvant radiotherapy.ConclusionThis large, nonrandomized retrospective study found no evidence to support the use of adjuvant radiotherapy for high-risk melanoma. A multicenter randomized, controlled trial investigating this important clinical dilemma is advocated.

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