• Rogean Rodrigues Nunes, Gastão Fernandes Duval Neto, Júlio César Garcia de Alencar, Suyane Benevides Franco, Nayanna Quezado de Andrade, Danielle Maia Holanda Dumaresq, and Sara Lúcia Cavalcante.
• TSA; MSc and PhD in Anesthetics; Postgraduate in Cardiology, Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC); Jointly Responsible for the Center for Teaching and Training (CET) of Hospital Geral de Fortaleza (HGF); Medicine Professor of Fachristus; Postgraduate in Clinical Engineering, Universidade de Fortaleza (Unifor); Vice-Chair of the Research Ethics Committee, Hospital São Carlos, Fortaleza, Ceará. Electronic address: rogean@fortalnet.com.br.
• Braz J Anesthesiol. 2013 Jan 1; 63 (1): 119-28.

Background And ObjectivesSeveral studies demonstrate that cerebral preconditioning is a protective mechanism against a stressful situation. Preconditioning determinants are described, as well as the neuroprotection provided by anesthetic and non-anesthetics agents.ContentReview based on the main articles addressing the pathophysiology of ischemia-reperfusion and neuronal injury and pharmacological and non-pharmacological factors (inflammation, glycemia, and temperature) related to the change in response to ischemia-reperfusion, in addition to neuroprotection induced by anesthetic use.ConclusionsThe brain has the ability to protect itself against ischemia when stimulated. The elucidation of this mechanism enables the application of preconditioning inducing substances (some anesthetics), other drugs, and non-pharmacological measures, such as hypothermia, aimed at inducing tolerance to ischemic lesions.Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Anestesiologia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

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