• Stephen E Nadeau, Samuel S Wu, Bruce H Dobkin, Stanley P Azen, Dorian K Rose, Julie K Tilson, Steven Y Cen, Pamela W Duncan, and LEAPS Investigative Team.
• University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. snadeau@ufl.edu
• Neurorehabil Neural Repair. 2013 May 1; 27 (4): 370-80.

BackgroundAfter inpatient stroke rehabilitation, many people still cannot participate in community activities because of limited walking ability.ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of 2 conceptually different, early physical therapy (PT) interventions to usual care (UC) in improving walking 6 months after stroke.MethodsThe locomotor experience applied post-stroke (LEAPS) study was a single-blind, randomized controlled trial conducted in 408 adults with disabling hemiparetic stroke. Participants were stratified at baseline (2 months) by impairment in walking speed: severe (<0.4 m/s) or moderate (0.4 to <0.8 m/s). Between 2 and 6 months, they received either only UC (n = 143) or UC plus 36 therapist-provided sessions of either (1) walking training on a treadmill using body-weight support and practice overground at clinics (locomotor training program [LTP], n = 139) or (2) impairment-based strength and balance exercise at home (home exercise program [HEP], n = 126).ResultsLTP participants were 18% more likely to transition to a higher functional walking level: severe to >0.4 m/s and moderate to >0.8 m/s than UC participants (95% confidence interval [CI] = 7%-29%), and HEP participants were 17% more likely to transition (95% CI = 5%-29%). Mean gain in walking speed in LTP participants was 0.13 m/s greater (95% CI = 0.09-0.18) and in HEP participants, 0.10 m/s greater (95% CI = 0.05-0.14) than in UC participants.ConclusionsProgressive PT, using either walking training on a treadmill and overground, conducted in a clinic, or strength and balance exercises conducted at home, was superior to UC in improving walking, regardless of severity of initial impairment.

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