• Sue Hall, Cassie Goddard, Diana Opio, Peter W Speck, Pauline Martin, and Irene J Higginson.
• King's College London, Department of Palliative Care, Policy and Rehabilitation, Cicely Saunders Institute, London, UK.
• BMJ Support Palliat Care. 2011 Dec 1; 1 (3): 315-21.

Main ObjectiveTo assess the ability of dignity therapy to reduce distress in advanced cancer patients.DesignA phase II open-label trial.SettingTwo UK National Health Service trusts.Participants45 adults with advanced cancer.InterventionDignity therapy: a brief palliative care psychotherapy.MethodsParticipants were randomly allocated to receive the intervention plus standard care or standard care only (control group). Outcomes were collected at baseline and at 1- and 4-week follow-up.Main Outcome MeasuresThe primary outcome was dignity-related distress (Palliative Dignity Inventory). Secondary outcomes were hope, anxiety and depression, quality of life, palliative-related outcomes, and self-reported study benefits.Results45/188 (24%) patients responded. 27/45 (60%) participants remained at 1-week and 20/45 (44%) at 4-week follow-up. Baseline levels of distress were low. Groups did not differ in dignity-related distress at any time. An effect on only one secondary outcome was found: the intervention group reported more hope than the control group at both follow-ups. Effect sizes were medium (partial η(2)=0.20 and 0.15) and the difference was statistically significant at 1-week follow-up (difference in adjusted means 2.55; 95% CI -4.73 to 0.36; p=0.02). The intervention group was more positive than the control group on all the self-reported benefits ratings. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) ranged from 1.34 for feeling that dignity therapy had helped to 0.31 for increasing will to live.ConclusionsThe effects of dignity therapy on people with advanced cancer are encouraging. Further investigation is warranted focusing on distressed patients and those earlier in the palliative care trajectory.Trial Register NumberISRCTN29868352.

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