• Dov B Ballak, Rinke Stienstra, Cees J Tack, Charles A Dinarello, and Janna A van Diepen.
• Department of Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA. Electronic address: duby.ballak@radboudumc.nl.
• Cytokine. 2015 Oct 1; 75 (2): 280-90.

AbstractObesity is characterized by a chronic, low-grade inflammation that contributes to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Cytokines and chemokines produced by immunocompetent cells influence local as well as systemic inflammation and are therefore critical contributors to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Hence, cytokines that modulate inflammatory responses are emerging as potential targets for intervention and treatment of the metabolic consequences of obesity. The interleukin-1 (IL-1) family of cytokines and receptors are key mediators of innate inflammatory responses and exhibit both pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. During the last decades, mechanistic insights into how the IL-1 family affects the initiation and progression of obesity-induced insulin resistance have increased significantly. Here, we review the current knowledge and understanding, with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of individual members of the IL-1 family of cytokines for improving insulin sensitivity in patients with diabetes.Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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