• Clinical pediatrics · Jun 2003

    Review

    Academic outcomes in children with congenital heart disease.

    • Karla J Griffin, T David Elkin, and Clinton J Smith.
    • Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS 39216, USA.
    • Clin Pediatr (Phila). 2003 Jun 1; 42 (5): 401-9.

    AbstractCongenital heart disease (CHD) is often associated with intellectual, developmental, and academic late effects related to the diagnosis itself and treatment. This literature review examines what is currently understood about these intellectual and academic deficits. It appears that children with CHD, and particularly those with cyanotic CHD, are at risk for significant impairments in visual spatial skills, visual motor skills, and overall processing speed. Early neurocognitive interventions, especially with younger children, may prove beneficial for remediating some of these deficits.

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