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- John G Krolikowski, Dorothee Weihrauch, Martin Bienengraeber, Judy R Kersten, David C Warltier, and Paul S Pagel.
- Department of Anesthesiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA.
- Can J Anaesth. 2006 Feb 1; 53 (2): 174-82.
PurposeAdministration of isoflurane during early reperfusion after prolonged coronary artery occlusion decreases myocardial infarct size by activating phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) signal transduction. The extracellular signal-related kinases (Erk1/2) represent a redundant mechanism by which signaling elements downstream from PI3K, including 70-kDA ribosomal protein s6 kinase (p70s6K) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), may be activated to reduce reperfusion injury. We tested the hypothesis Erk1/2, p70s6K, and eNOS mediate isoflurane-induced postconditioning in rabbit myocardium in vivo.MethodsBarbiturate-anesthetized rabbits (n = 78) instrumented for measurement of systemic hemodynamics were subjected to a 30-min coronary occlusion followed by three hours reperfusion. Rabbits were randomly assigned to receive 0.9% saline (control), the Erk1/2 inhibitor PD 098059 (2 mg x kg(-1)), the p70s6K inhibitor rapamycin (0.25 mg x kg(-1)), the nonselective nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10 mg x kg(-1)), the selective inducible NOS antagonist aminoguanidine hydrochloride (AG, 300 mg x kg(-1)), or the selective neuronal NOS inhibitor 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 50 mg x kg(-1)) in the presence or absence of 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane administered for three minutes before and two minutes after reperfusion.ResultsBrief exposure to 1.0 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane reduced (P < 0.05) infarct size (21 +/- 4% [mean +/- SD] of left ventricle area at risk, respectively; triphenyltetrazolium staining) as compared to control (41 +/- 5%). PD 098059, rapamycin, and L-NAME, but not AG nor 7-NI, abolished the protection produced by isoflurane.ConclusionThe results suggest that the protective effects of isoflurane against infarction during early reperfusion are mediated by Erk1/2, p70s6K, and eNOS in vivo.
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