• S Larraza, N Dey, D S Karbing, J B Jensen, M Nygaard, R Winding, and S E Rees.
• Respiratory and Critical Care Group (RCARE), Center for Model-based Medical Decision Support, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.
• J Crit Care. 2015 May 21.

PurposeThis article evaluates how mathematical models of gas exchange, blood acid-base status, chemical respiratory drive, and muscle function can describe the respiratory response of spontaneously breathing patients to different levels of pressure support.MethodsThe models were evaluated with data from 12 patients ventilated in pressure support ventilation. Models were tuned with clinical data (arterial blood gas measurement, ventilation, and respiratory gas fractions of O2 and CO2) to describe each patient at the clinical level of pressure support. Patients were ventilated up to 5 different pressure support levels, for 15 minutes at each level to achieve steady-state conditions. Model-simulated values of respiratory frequency (fR), arterial pH (pHa), and end-tidal CO2 (FeCO2) were compared to measured values at each pressure support level.ResultsModel simulations compared well to measured data with Bland-Altman bias and limits of agreement of fR of 0.7 ± 2.2 per minute, pHa of -0.0007 ± 0.019, and FeCO2 of -0.001 ± 0.003.ConclusionThe models describe patients' fR, pHa, and FeCO2 response to changes in pressure support with low bias and narrow limits of agreement.Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

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