• Douglas Z Liou, Galinos Barmparas, Megan Harada, Rex Chung, Nicolas Melo, Eric J Ley, Ali Salim, and Marko Bukur.
• Department of Surgery, Division of Trauma and Critical Care, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California.
• J Surg Educ. 2016 Jan 1; 73 (1): 173-9.

ObjectiveThe effect of resident duty hour restrictions continues to yield conflicting results on patient outcomes. Failure to rescue (FTR), or death after a major complication, has become a topic of increasing quality assessment. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of duty hour restrictions on in-hospital mortality, complication rates, and FTR in patients suffering traumatic injuries.DesignData from the National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) were retrospectively reviewed (Research Data Set 2007-2008 and version 7.2). Patients admitted to Level I or II teaching institutions were dichotomized into pre-duty hour restriction (2002-2003) and post-duty hour restriction (2007-2008) time periods. Patients who had nonsurvivable injuries (any region Abbreviated Injury Scale score = 6), died within 48 hours, or had missing data were excluded. Multivariate logistic regression was used to adjust for differences in patient characteristics and derive adjusted outcomes.SettingLevel I and II teaching institutions in the NTDB.ParticipantsAll patients with trauma admitted to a Level I or II teaching institution between January 1, 2002 and June 30, 2003 and between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2008.ResultsAlthough overall adjusted in-hospital mortality was decreased (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.7, p < 0.001) in the post-duty hour restriction era, overall complications (AOR = 2.0, p < 0.001) and FTR (AOR = 2.0, p < 0.001) were significantly higher.ConclusionAlthough there may be some benefit to resident duty hour restrictions, there is still room for improvement in patient care. Individual institutions should carefully review their own complication data to identify preventable systems issues, such as poor handoffs, and opportunities for increased resident supervision.Copyright © 2015 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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