• Marjolein J M Morak, Ate van der Gaast, Luca Incrocci, Herman van Dekken, John J Hermans, Johannes Jeekel, Wim C J Hop, Geert Kazemier, and Casper H J van Eijck.
• Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
• Ann. Surg. 2008 Dec 1; 248 (6): 1031-41.

BackgroundSuccess of surgical treatment for pancreatic and periampullary cancer is often limited due to locoregional recurrence and/or the development of distant metastases.ObjectiveThe survival benefit of celiac axis infusion (CAI) and radiotherapy (RT) versus observation after resection of pancreatic or periampullary cancer was investigated.MethodsIn a randomized controlled trial, 120 consecutive patients with histopathologically proven pancreatic or periampullary cancer received either adjuvant treatment consisting of intra-arterial mitoxantrone, 5-FU, leucovorin, and cisplatinum in combination with 30 x 1.8 Gy radiotherapy (group A) or no adjuvant treatment (group B). Groups were stratified for tumor type (pancreatic vs. periampullary tumors).ResultsAfter surgery, 120 patients were randomized (59 patients in the treatment group, 61 in the observation group). The median follow-up was 17 months. No significant overall survival benefit was seen (median, 19 vs. 18 months resp.). Progressive disease was seen in 86 patients: in 37 patients in the CAI/RT group, and in 49 patients in the observation group (log-rank P < 0.02). Subgroup analysis showed significantly less liver metastases after adjuvant treatment in periampullary tumors (log-rank P < 0.03) without effect on local recurrence. Nonetheless, there was no significant effect on overall survival in these patients (log-rank P = 0.15). In patients with pancreatic cancer, CAI/RT had no significant effect on local recurrence (log-rank P = 0.12) neither on the development of liver metastases (log-rank P = 0.76) and consequently, no effect on overall survival.ConclusionThis adjuvant treatment schedule results in a prolonged time to progression. For periampullary tumors, CAI/RT induced a significant reduction in the development of liver metastases, with a possible effect on overall survival. Especially in these tumors, CAI/RT might prove beneficial in larger groups and further research is warranted.

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