• Leonardo Lorente, María M Martín, José Ferreres, Jordi Solé-Violán, Lorenzo Labarta, César Díaz, Alejandro Jiménez, and Juan M Borreguero-León.
• Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Ofra, s/n. La Laguna, 38320, Tenerife, Spain. Electronic address: lorentemartin@msn.com.
• J Crit Care. 2016 Aug 1; 34: 103-6.

ObjectiveHigher caspase 3 activity has been found in lymphocytes of septic patients than of healthy controls. However, an association between serum caspase 3 levels at moment of severe sepsis diagnosis and mortality in septic patients has not been previously demonstrated, and this was the main objective of the present study.MethodsThis is an observational study of 216 patients with severe sepsis in 6 Spanish intensive care units. We collected serum samples at moment of severe sepsis diagnosis to determine levels of caspase 3 and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin (CCCK) 18. End point was 30-day mortality.ResultsWe found higher serum caspase 3 levels (P<.001) and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 (P=.001) in nonsurvivors (n=76) than in survivors (n=140). Multiple binary logistic regression analysis showed that serum caspase 3 levels greater than 0.25 ng/mL were associated with 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 6.51; 95% confidence interval, 3.32-12.77; P<.001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curve to predict 30-day mortality for serum caspase 3 levels was 0.73 (95% confidence interval, 0.67-0.79; P<.001).ConclusionsThe major novel findings of our study were that there is an association between serum caspase 3 levels at moment of severe sepsis diagnosis and mortality in septic patients and that serum caspase 3 levels could be used as prognostic biomarker, and further studies are needed to corroborate these findings.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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