• Guo-Hao Xie, Qi-Xing Chen, Bao-Li Cheng, and Xiang-Ming Fang.
• Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Qingchun Road 79, Hangzhou 31003, China.
• Biomed Res Int. 2014 Jan 1; 2014: 180109.

AbstractSepsis is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the critical illness. Multiple immune inflammatory processes take part in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Defensins are endogenous antimicrobial peptides with three disulphide bonds created by six cysteine residues. Besides the intrinsic microbicidal properties, defensins are active players which modulate both innate and adaptive immunity against various infections. Defensins can recruit neutrophils, enhance phagocytosis, chemoattract T cells and dendritic cells, promote complement activation, and induce IL-1β production and pyrotosis. Previous publications have documented that defensins play important roles in a series of immune inflammatory diseases including sepsis. This review aims to briefly summarize in vitro, in vivo, and genetic studies on defensins' effects as well as corresponding mechanisms within sepsis and highlights their promising findings which may be potential targets in future therapies of sepsis.

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