• Kelly J Brunst, Patrick H Ryan, Cole Brokamp, David Bernstein, Tiina Reponen, James Lockey, Gurjit K Khurana Hershey, Linda Levin, Sergey A Grinshpun, and Grace LeMasters.
• 1 Department of Pediatrics and.
• Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2015 Aug 15;192(4):421-7.

RationaleThe timing and duration of traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) exposure may be important for childhood wheezing and asthma development.ObjectivesWe examined the relationship between TRAP exposure and longitudinal wheezing phenotypes and asthma at age 7 years.MethodsChildren completed clinical examinations annually from age 1 year through age 4 years and age 7 years. Parental-reported wheezing was assessed at each age, and longitudinal wheezing phenotypes (early-transient, late-onset, persistent) and asthma were defined at age 7 years. Participants' time-weighted exposure to TRAP, from birth through age 7 years, was estimated using a land-use regression model. The relationship between TRAP exposure and wheezing phenotypes and asthma was examined.Measurements And Main ResultsHigh TRAP exposure at birth was significantly associated with both transient and persistent wheezing phenotypes (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04-2.57 and aOR = 2.31; 95% CI, 1.28-4.15, respectively); exposure from birth to age 1 year and age 1 to 2 years was also associated with persistent wheeze. Only children with high average TRAP exposure from birth through age 7 years were at significantly increased risk for asthma (aOR = 1.71; 95% CI, 1.01-2.88).ConclusionsEarly-life exposure to TRAP is associated with increased risk for persistent wheezing, but only long-term exposure to high levels of TRAP throughout childhood was associated with asthma development.

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