• Faliang Gao, Lanbing Yu, Dong Zhang, Yan Zhang, Rong Wang, and Jizong Zhao.
• Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, P. R. China; China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China; Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, P. R. China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine for Cerebrovascular Diseases, Beijing, P. R. China.
• World Neurosurg. 2016 Sep 1; 93: 111-9.

ObjectiveTo investigate long noncoding ribonucleic acid (lncRNA) expression patterns in adult moyamoya disease (MMD) patients and explore their possible roles in the pathophysiology of MMD.MethodsA healthy control group (n = 10) and an MMD group (n = 15) were evaluated. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples and hybridized to microarray to get lncRNA expression profiles. Then predicted lncRNA target genes were identified, and bioinformatics analysis was performed to investigate their molecular functions.ResultsIn the MMD group, 3649 lncRNAs exhibited more than 2-fold expression than their counterparts in the healthy control group; of these, 1494 were upregulated, while 2155 were downregulated. Principal component analysis and Hclust analysis produced completely different clusters between the 2 groups. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis suggested that the differentially expressed lncRNAs regulate multiple signaling pathways that were related with inflammation and vascular disease, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway was the core regulatory pathway.ConclusionsLong noncoding RNA expression profiles were quite different between MMD and control groups. Multiple signaling pathways that were closely associated with immune response, vasculogenesis, and smooth muscle contraction were indicated to participate in lncRNAs regulatory mechanism; of these, MAPK signaling pathway, which has been well studied for the treatment of many other cardiovascular diseases, was the core of this regulatory network. Our findings could help further understand the pathophysiology of MMD and provide new potential therapeutic targets.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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