• Zeev N Kain, Alison A Caldwell-Andrews, Dawn M Krivutza, Megan E Weinberg, Shu-Ming Wang, and Dorothy Gaal.
• Department of Anesthesiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA. kain@biomed.med.yale.edu
• Anesth. Analg. 2004 May 1; 98 (5): 1252-9, table of contents.

UnlabelledBoth parental presence during induction of anesthesia and sedative premedication are currently used to treat preoperative anxiety in children. A survey study conducted in 1995 demonstrated that most children are taken into the operating room without the benefit of either of these two interventions. In 2002 we conducted a follow-up survey study. Five thousand questionnaires were mailed to randomly selected physician members of the American Society of Anesthesiologists. Mailings were followed by a nonresponse bias assessment. Twenty-seven percent (n = 1362) returned the questionnaire after 3 mailings. We found that a significantly larger proportion of young children undergoing surgery in the United States were reported to receive sedative premedication in 2002 as compared with 1995 (50% vs 30%, P = 0.001). We also found that in 2002 there was significantly less geographical variability in the use of sedative premedication as compared with the 1995 survey (F = 8.31, P = 0.006). Similarly, we found that in 2002 parents of children undergoing surgery in the United States were allowed to be present more often during induction of anesthesia as compared with 1995 (chi(2) = 26.3, P = 0.0001). Finally, similar to our findings in the 1995 survey, midazolam was uniformly selected most often to premedicate patients before surgery.ImplicationsOver the past 7 yr there have been significant increases in the number of anesthesiologists who use preoperative sedative premedication and parental presence for children undergoing surgery.

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