• G Rønning, R Busund, A Revhaug, and G Sager.
• Department of Surgery, Tromsø University Hospital, Norway.
• Eur J Surg. 1995 Jun 1; 161 (6): 387-94.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the plasma and urinary catecholamine concentrations after episodes of haemorrhagic shock treated by intraosseous infusion of a small volume of hyperosmotic fluid, followed by whole blood, in a standard porcine model.DesignRandomised open study.SettingUniversity hospital, Norway.Material18 piglets.InterventionsAll animals were bled to an arterial systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg. After 30 minutes 100 ml hyperosmotic (2.4 mol/l) fluid (glucose/sodium chloride) was given either intraosseously (n = 6) or intravenously (n = 6). Ninety minutes later the animals were again bled to a systolic pressure of 60 mm Hg, and after 30 minutes an autologous whole blood transfusion was given by either intraosseous or intravenous infusion. Six animals acted as untreated controls.Main Outcome MeasuresChanges in haemodynamic variables and plasma and urinary catecholamine concentrations.ResultsTwo pigs in the control group died. The hyperosmotic infusion improved the circulatory performance significantly (p < 0.05). Thirty minutes after both bleeds the plasma catecholamine concentrations were increased by 10-15 times, but returned to the reference range in all groups 90 minutes after the hyperosmotic infusion. Two hours after the whole blood infusion the catecholamine concentrations of the treated animals were at baseline values, significantly lower than those of the controls. The corresponding urinary catecholamine concentrations of the controls were significantly increased. There were no differences between the two treatment groups.ConclusionThe catecholamine measurements indicate that there may possibly be protective renal excretion of excess shock-induced plasma catecholamines after acute haemorrhage.

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