• Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jul 2000

    Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial

    Remifentanil and propofol without muscle relaxants or with different doses of rocuronium for tracheal intubation in outpatient anaesthesia.

    Intubation using propofol and remifentanil without muscle relaxant is associated with a greater incidence of poor intubating conditions.

    pearl
    • N Schlaich, F Mertzlufft, S Soltész, and T Fuchs-Buder.
    • Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University of the Saarland, Homburg/Saar, Germany.
    • Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000 Jul 1;44(6):720-6.

    BackgroundThe use of muscle relaxants in outpatient anaesthesia is controversial; some authors recommend an induction regimen including propofol and opioids without muscle relaxants. This study evaluated the requirements for rocuronium after remifentanil/propofol.MethodsWe examined in four groups of ASA I-II patients (n= 30 for each) the intubating conditions three minutes after induction of anaesthesia with remifentanil 0.5 microg kg(-1) min(-1), propofol 2 mg kg(-1) without muscle relaxants or with different doses of rocuronium (0.6 mg kg(-1), 0.45 mg kg(-1), 0.3 mg kg(-1)) applying the criteria proposed by the Copenhagen Consensus Conference. In the second part of the study the time course of neuromuscular block was determined by electromyography using train-of-four (TOF) stimulation. To this end, another 60 ASA I-II patients were randomly assigned to receive remifentanil 0.5 microg kg(-1) min(-1), propofol 2 mg kg(-1) and either rocuronium 0.6 mg kg(-1), 0.45 mg kg(-1), 0.3 mg kg(-1), or 0.3 mg kg(-1) followed by neostigmine 40 microg kg(-1) and atropine 20 microg kg(-1) at a T1 recovery of 10% (n=15 for each).ResultsIntubating conditions were good or excellent in 30 patients after rocuronium 0.6 mg kg(-1) and in 18 patients when rocuronium was omitted (P<0.01). After 0.45 mg kg(-1) and 0.3 mg kg(-1) rocuronium the numbers were 29 and 30 patients, respectively. Reducing rocuronium from 0.6 mg kg(-1) to 0.45 mg kg(-1) or 0.3 mg kg(-1) increased the onset time from 136 (35) s to 199 (34) s and 249 (52) s (mean (SD)), (P<0.01); the clinical duration decreased from 38 (10) min to 24 (8) min and 16 (5) min, respectively (P<0.01); and the duration to a TOF-ratio of 0.8 decreased from 60 (11) min to 45 (9) min and 34 (7) min (P<0.01). After rocuronium 0.3 mg kg(-1) this time interval further decreased to 22 (3) min when neostigmine was given at a T1 of 10% (P<0.01 compared with spontaneous recovery after rocuronium 0.3 mg kg(-1)).ConclusionAfter remifentanil/propofol intubation conditions were poor in 40% of patients without muscle relaxants; adding reduced doses of rocuronium to this regimen improved the intubation conditions significantly. In addition, reducing the initial dose of rocuronium markedly shortened its time course of action.

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    This article appears in the collection: Neuromuscular myths: the lies we tell ourselves.

    Notes

    pearl
    1

    Intubation using propofol and remifentanil without muscle relaxant is associated with a greater incidence of poor intubating conditions.

    Daniel Jolley  Daniel Jolley
    comment
    0

    Unfortunately the researchers did not investigate incidence of post-operative pharyngeal symptoms, such as hoarseness or sore throat.

    Daniel Jolley  Daniel Jolley
    summary
    0

    Schlaich et al. compared intubation using only propofol and remifentanil with the addition of rocuronium at various doses (0.3, 0.45, 0.6 mg/kg) in four groups of 30 patients. Intubating conditions were poor in 40% of those not receiving rocuronium, versus almost universally good conditions (89 of 90) when rocuronium was used.

    Daniel Jolley  Daniel Jolley

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