• Hye Yun Park, Byeong-Ho Jeong, Hae Ri Chon, Kyeongman Jeon, Charles L Daley, and Won-Jung Koh.
• Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
• Chest. 2016 Dec 1; 150 (6): 1222-1232.

BackgroundThere are few data regarding the impact of nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease (NTM-LD) on lung function during the clinical course of disease. This study aimed to assess the impact of NTM-LD on lung function decline.MethodsTreatment outcomes and spirometry data at diagnosis and at least three years later were obtained from 358 patients who were diagnosed with NTM-LD between January 1999 and November 2011 using the prospective NTM registry cohort. For analysis, patients were divided into three groups: those observed without treatment, those who had treatment success, and those in whom treatment failed.ResultsThe treatment-failure group (n = 68) had a significantly more rapid decline in FEV1 and FVC compared with the observation (n = 118) and treatment-success (n = 172) groups (-52.2, -30.8, and -28.2 mL/y, respectively; P = .023 for FEV1 decline; -50.4, -28.8, and -26.0 mL/y, respectively; P = .002 for FVC decline). After adjusting for confounding factors, patients with treatment failure had greater FEV1 and FVC declines than did those observed without treatment (adjusted P = .026 for FEV1 decline; adjusted P = .022 for FVC decline) or those treated successfully (adjusted P = .004 for FEV1 decline; adjusted P = .002 for FVC decline). Patients treated successfully had declines in FEV1 and FVC similar to those in the observation group.ConclusionsThe change of lung function was variable over a median 5-year follow-up period. Treatment failure was associated with a substantial decline in lung function in NTM-LD.Copyright © 2016 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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