• Lancet · Jun 2016

    Review

    Environmental risk factors for type 1 diabetes.

    • Marian Rewers and Johnny Ludvigsson.
    • Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA.
    • Lancet. 2016 Jun 4; 387 (10035): 234023482340-2348.

    AbstractThe incidence of type 1 diabetes has risen considerably in the past 30 years due to changes in the environment that have been only partially identified. In this Series paper, we critically discuss candidate triggers of islet autoimmunity and factors thought to promote progression from autoimmunity to overt type 1 diabetes. We revisit previously proposed hypotheses to explain the growth in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in light of current data. Finally, we suggest a unified model in which immune tolerance to β cells can be broken by several environmental exposures that induce generation of hybrid peptides acting as neoautoantigens.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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