• Sameer S Kadri, Andrew C Miller, Samuel Hohmann, Stephanie Bonne, Carrie Nielsen, Carmen Wells, Courtney Gruver, Sadeq A Quraishi, Junfeng Sun, Rongman Cai, Peter E Morris, Bradley D Freeman, James H Holmes, Bruce A Cairns, Anthony F Suffredini, and US Critical Illness and Injury Trials Group: Smoke Inhalation-associated Acute Lung Injury (SI-ALI) Investigators (USCIIT-SI-ALI).
• Critical Care Medicine Department, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD; Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Electronic address: sameer.kadri@nih.gov.
• Chest. 2016 Dec 1; 150 (6): 126012681260-1268.

BackgroundMortality after smoke inhalation-associated acute lung injury (SI-ALI) remains substantial. Age and burn surface area are risk factors of mortality, whereas the impact of patient- and center-level variables and treatments on survival are unknown.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study of burn and non-burn centers at 68 US academic medical centers between 2011 and 2014. Adult inpatients with SI-ALI were identified using an algorithm based on a billing code for respiratory conditions from smoke inhalation who were mechanically ventilated by hospital day 4, with either a length-of-stay ≥ 5 days or death within 4 days of hospitalization. Predictors of in-hospital mortality were identified using logistic regression. The primary outcome was the odds ratio for in-hospital mortality.ResultsA total of 769 patients (52.9 ± 18.1 years) with SI-ALI were analyzed. In-hospital mortality was 26% in the SI-ALI cohort and 50% in patients with ≥ 20% surface burns. In addition to age > 60 years (OR 5.1, 95% CI 2.53-10.26) and ≥ 20% burns (OR 8.7, 95% CI 4.55-16.75), additional risk factors of in-hospital mortality included initial vasopressor use (OR 5.0, 95% CI 3.16-7.91), higher diagnostic-related group-based risk-of-mortality assignment and lower hospital bed capacity (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.23-4.15). Initial empiric antibiotics (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.58-1.49) did not impact survival. These new risk factors improved mortality prediction by 9.9% (P < .001).ConclusionsIn addition to older age and major surface burns, mortality in SI-ALI is predicted by initial vasopressor use, higher diagnostic-related group-based risk-of-mortality assignment, and care at centers with < 500 beds, but not by initial antibiotic therapy.Published by Elsevier Inc.

25 keywords...

hide…