• Kristina Kemp, Laurent Savale, Dermot S O'Callaghan, Xavier Jaïs, David Montani, Marc Humbert, Gérald Simonneau, and Olivier Sitbon.
• Université Paris-Sud 11, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, Clamart, France.
• J. Heart Lung Transplant. 2012 Feb 1; 31 (2): 150-8.

BackgroundRecent guidelines have proposed first-line combination therapy as a potential strategy for the treatment of functional class IV pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).MethodsWe analyzed efficacy and safety of upfront epoprostenol and bosentan combination therapy in consecutive patients with idiopathic, heritable, or anorexigen-associated PAH and compared outcomes with matched controls treated by epoprostenol monotherapy.ResultsData for 16 functional class III patients and 7 functional class IV patients were analyzed. Baseline 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) was 287 ± 133 meters, mean pulmonary artery pressure was 65 ± 12 mm Hg, cardiac index was 1.8 ± 0.3 L/min/m(2), and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) was 1493 ± 398 dynes/sec/cm(5). After 4 months, 6MWD and PVR significantly improved to 421 ± 100 meters and 784 ± 364 dynes/sec/cm(5), respectively. These improvements were maintained long-term (30 ± 19 months). At 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, overall survival estimates were 100%, 94%, 94%, and 74%, and transplant-free survival estimates were 96%, 85%, 77%, and 60%, respectively. Compared with matched controls started on epoprostenol monotherapy, there was a trend to an improvement in overall survival (p = 0.07).ConclusionsInitial combination therapy with epoprostenol and bosentan in patients with severe PAH is associated with improvements in important outcomes such as functional class, exercise capacity, and hemodynamics. This combination strategy might also favorably affect overall and transplant-free survival.Copyright © 2012 International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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