• Zachary Tempel, Xiao Zhu, Michael M McDowell, Nitin Agarwal, and Edward A Monaco.
• Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: tempelzj@upmc.edu.
• World Neurosurg. 2016 Aug 1; 92: 582.e1-582.e4.

BackgroundIntrathecal disc herniation is a rare but serious condition that has the potential to generate devastating neurologic deficits. We present a case of a 56-year-old man who developed cauda equina syndrome after several episodes of severe Valsalva maneuver.Case DescriptionThe patient was found to have developed subacute urinary retention and leg weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging findings were concerning for an unusual-appearing lesion extending cranially at L2-3. Urgent decompression via an L2 laminectomy, exploration, and subsequent discectomy was performed. The patient recovered exceptionally well, regaining bladder function and ultimately being able to ambulate without assistance.ConclusionsCranially extending intrathecal disc herniations are a rare phenomenon and exceptionally uncommon above L3. The clinician should have a high level of suspicion for herniation when looking at the clinical and historical information consistent with such a diagnosis even in the presence of ambiguous imaging findings.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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