• F Bert, B Larroque, F Dondero, F Durand, C Paugam-Burtz, J Belghiti, R Moreau, and M-H Nicolas-Chanoine.
• Service de Microbiologie, Hôpital Beaujon, AP-HP, Clichy, France.
• Transpl Infect Dis. 2014 Feb 1; 16 (1): 84-9.

ObjectiveThe aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with pre-transplant fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in liver transplant recipients.Patients And MethodsOver a 3-year period (January 2009-December 2011), 317 patients who underwent liver transplantation were screened preoperatively for fecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae. Risk factors for fecal carriage were investigated by univariate analysis and stepwise logistic regression.ResultsOf the 317 patients screened, 50 (15.7%) harbored an ESBL-producing isolate. Previous infection with an ESBL-producing organism had developed during the last 6 months in 20% of fecal carriers versus in none of the non-carriers. Other variables associated with fecal carriage were a model for end-stage liver disease score ≥25, pre-transplant stay in the intensive care unit ≥48 h, hospital stay ≥10 days in the last 6 months, a history of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), exposure to a β-lactam agent in the last month, and prophylaxis with norfloxacin. Independent predictors of fecal carriage in the multivariate logistic regression model were exposure to a β-lactam agent in the month preceding transplantation (odds ratio [OR] = 7.8, confidence interval [CI] = 4-15.5, P < 0.001), and a history of SBP (OR = 2.4, CI = 1.1-4.9, P = 0.02).ConclusionsPrevious infection with an ESBL-producing isolate, recent exposure to a β-lactam agent, and a history of SBP are risk factors for preoperative fecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in liver transplant recipients. Patients at risk of fecal carriage should receive intraoperative prophylaxis and, when necessary, empiric postoperative antimicrobial treatment that includes coverage for these organisms.© 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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