• Vriti Advani, Sajida Ahad, Chad Gonczy, Steven Markwell, and Imran Hassan.
• Department of Surgery, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, IL 62704, USA.
• Am. J. Surg. 2012 Mar 1; 203 (3): 347-51; discussion 351-2.

BackgroundControversy exists regarding whether resident involvement during surgery impacts patient outcomes. We compared surgical times and perioperative complications of patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy with and without residents.MethodsPatients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis during 2005 to 2008 were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database.ResultsDuring the study period, 16,849 patients underwent laparoscopic appendectomy for uncomplicated appendicitis (residents participated in 68% of procedures). There were no statistical and/or clinically meaningful differences between median age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiology score, and morbidity probability between the 2 groups, suggesting that case mix was not a significant confounder. Patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy with residents compared with patients undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy without residents had a higher incidence of serious and overall morbidity and longer surgical times. However, surgical times and complications were similar between residents in postgraduate years 1 to 5.ConclusionsRegardless of the postgraduate year level, resident involvement resulted in a clinically appreciable increase in surgical times and a statistically significant increase in certain complications.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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