• Punkaj Gupta and Mallikarjuna Rettiganti.
• Division of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
• Acta Paediatr. 2015 Nov 1; 104 (11): e506-11.

AimTo evaluate the outcomes among critically ill young children with Down syndrome using propensity score matching from a national database.MethodsPatients in the age group from one day through 24 months admitted to an intensive care unit during their hospital stay at a Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS)-participating hospital (2004-2013) were included.ResultsOf the 293,697 patients who qualified for inclusion, 12,282 (4%) were classified in the Down syndrome group. Using propensity score matching, 10,477 patients with Down syndrome were matched one to one to patients without Down syndrome. Prior to matching, the mortality was significantly lower among the patients with Down syndrome (with vs. without Down syndrome, odds ratio (OR), 0.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.69-0.79; p < 0.001). After matching, the mortality was similar in both groups (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.87-1.07; p = 0.51). The mortality risk increased among the Down syndrome patients with increasing hospital length of stay (LOS).ConclusionIn this large, contemporary cohort, Down syndrome did not confer a significantly higher mortality risk among children with critical illness. However, children with Down syndrome followed a time-dependent, differential mortality risk with increased risk noted in relation to increasing hospital LOS.©2015 Foundation Acta Paediatrica. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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