• Amanda J Kiliaan, Ilse A C Arnoldussen, and Deborah R Gustafson.
• Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
• Lancet Neurol. 2014 Sep 1; 13 (9): 913-23.

AbstractBeing overweight or obese, as measured with body-mass index or central adiposity (waist circumference), and the trajectory of body-mass index over the life course have been associated with brain atrophy, white matter changes, disturbances of blood-brain barrier integrity, and risk of all-cause late-onset dementia and Alzheimer's disease. This observation leads us to question what it is about body-mass index that is associated with health of the brain and dementia risk. If high body-mass index and central adiposity represent an increase in adipose tissue, then the endocrine function of adipose tissue, mediated by adipose tissue hormones and adipokines, could be a clue to mechanisms that underlie the association with dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Hundreds of adipokines have been identified, creating a complexity that is a challenge to simplify. Nonetheless, adipokines are being investigated in association with clinical dementia outcomes, and with imaging-based measures of brain volume, structure, and function in human beings and in preclinical models of clinical dementia. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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