• R Long, M Zielinski, D Kunimoto, and J Manfreda.
• Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. richard.long@ualberta.ca
• Int. J. Tuberc. Lung Dis. 2002 Apr 1; 6 (4): 332-9.

SettingMetropolitan Edmonton, Canada.ObjectivesTo determine 1) the pre-diagnosis emergency department utilization history of urban tuberculosis patients, and 2) the resource and outcome implications of emergency department utilization by tuberculosis patients pre-diagnosis.DesignNested case (emergency department attendee) control (non-emergency department attendee) study of a retrospective cohort of tuberculosis patients.PatientsAll tuberculosis notifications, 1994 through 1998.Main Outcome MeasuresEmergency department utilization during the 6 months antedating the diagnosis and emergency department attendee characteristics; for those notified in 1997 and 1998, hospitalizations, nosocomial infectiousness time, and health care costs.ResultsOf 250 cases of tuberculosis, 117 (47%) made a total of 258 pre-diagnosis emergency department visits. Emergency department use increased the nearer the patient was to diagnosis. Emergency department attendees were more likely to be older, to have smear and/or culture positive respiratory disease, to have a risk factor for progression of infection to disease, and to have a fatal outcome. In 1997 and 1998, emergency department throughput accounted for 70% of all hospitalization days, 95% of all source case nosocomial infectiousness time, and most health care costs of tuberculosis patients pre-diagnosis.ConclusionsThe emergency department is heavily utilized by urban tuberculosis patients pre-diagnosis. Emergency department throughput of tuberculosis patients pre-diagnosis has major resource and outcome implications. The emergency department may present an opportunity for earlier diagnosis.

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