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- Vijaya S Ramalingam, Sikandar Ansari, and Micah Fisher.
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. Electronic address: vramalingam@mcw.edu.
- Crit Care Clin. 2016 Jul 1; 32 (3): 357-69.
AbstractCirrhosis, the twelfth leading cause of death, accounts for 1.1% of all deaths in the United States. Although there are multiple pulmonary complications associated with liver disease, the most important complications that cause significant morbidity and mortality are hepatopulmonary syndrome, hepatic hydrothorax, and portopulmonary hypertension. Patients with cirrhosis who complain of dyspnea should be evaluated for these complications. This article reviews these complications.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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