• Rahul S Nanchal and Shahryar Ahmad.
• Critical Care Fellowship Program, Medical Intensive Care Unit, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Suite E 5200, 9200 West Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA. Electronic address: Rnanchal@mcw.edu.
• Crit Care Clin. 2016 Jul 1; 32 (3): 411-24.

AbstractInfectious complications are common occurrences in end-stage liver disease (ESLD). Frequent infections precipitate decompensation of liver disease leading to acute or chronic liver failure, organ dysfunction, de-listing from transplant, and major morbidity and mortality. The spectrum of microorganisms has shifted with the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains, which has major implications for both therapy and prophylaxis. Cirrhosis is often associated with an underlying noninfectious systemic inflammatory state that makes diagnosis of infections particularly challenging. Adequate resuscitation and timely administration of appropriate antibiotics are pivotal to improved outcomes from infections in ESLD.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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