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J Vasc Interv Radiol · Dec 2011
ReviewReview of venous anatomy for venographic interpretation in chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency.
- John D Werner, Gary P Siskin, Kenneth Mandato, Meridith Englander, and Allen Herr.
- Department of Radiology, Albany Medical Center, Albany, NY 12208, USA.
- J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2011 Dec 1; 22 (12): 1681-90; quiz 1691.
AbstractChronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) represents a recently described condition that may potentially contribute to the symptoms experienced by patients with multiple sclerosis. The evaluation of a prospective patient for CCSVI often involves an invasive evaluation with venography of the internal jugular and azygos veins. The purpose of this article is to review the normal anatomy of the internal jugular, vertebral, and azygos veins, as an understanding of these veins is necessary for appropriate interpretation of the venograms obtained to evaluate patients for CCSVI.Copyright © 2011 SIR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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