• R Battikh, F M'Sadek, F Bougrine, W Madhi, N Ben Abdelhafidh, A Bouziani, M Yedeas, and S Othmani.
• Service de médecine interne, hôpital militaire principal d'instruction de Tunis, Montfleury 1008, Tunisia. battikh_riadh@yahoo.fr
• Rev Neurol France. 2011 Mar 1; 167 (3): 260-3.

IntroductionCerebral actinomycosis is rare and difficult to diagnose.Case ReportWe report a case of a 45-year-old man hospitalized for seizures associated with fever and left hemiparesis. The white cell count and C-reactive protein were elevated. HIV serology was negative. Blood cultures remained sterile. The CT scan revealed hyperdense nodular lesions in the occipital area, with annular contrast uptake and peripheral edema causing a mass effect, suggestive of brain metastasis. The pathology examination of a surgical specimen disclosed cerebral actinomycosis. A dental origin of the infection was suspected. Hemiparesis remained after a 12-month antibiotic regimen associated with dental care and short-term corticosteroid therapy.ConclusionActinomycosis should be discussed as a possible diagnosis for all cerebral lesions, particularly in patients with a potential dental infection. Histology is required for positive diagnosis. Antibiotic therapy alone is generally sufficient; surgery is often performed for diagnostic purposes.Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

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