• M Casetta, F Blot, S Antoun, B Leclercq, C Tancrède, F Doyon, and G Nitenberg.
• Intensive Care Unit, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
• Chest. 1999 Jun 1; 115 (6): 1641-5.

Study ObjectivesQuantitative culture of protected samples of lower respiratory tract secretions obtained by a fiberoptic protected specimen brush (PSB) is widely accepted for the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), but this diagnostic procedure is time consuming, expensive, and may give rise to iatrogenic complications, especially in cancer patients who often present with thrombocytopenia. The plugged telescoping catheter (PTC) could be a satisfactory alternative to the PSB in this setting. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the interest of the PTC to diagnose VAP in ventilated cancer patients.DesignA prospective observational study.SettingA 15-bed medical-surgical ICU in a comprehensive cancer center.Patients And InterventionsOver a 9-month period, 42 patients suspected of having bacterial VAP during mechanical ventilation underwent 69 bronchial samplings: a blinded PTC and a fiberoptic PSB were performed successively in each case. A positive culture for both sampling procedures was defined as the recovery of > or = 10(3) cfu/mL of at least one potential pathogen. The PSB result was taken as the reference standard.Measurements And ResultsThe overall agreement between the techniques was 87% (60/69). PTC had a sensitivity of 67%, a specificity of 93%, a positive predictive value of 71%, and a negative predictive value of 91%.ConclusionsWe conclude that the accuracy of the blinded PTC compares well with that of the PSB for the diagnosis of VAP in cancer patients. The sensitivity of the PTC observed herein, which is slightly lower than that described in previous studies, may be due to the blinded nature of the method: the indications for initial or secondary coupling with a directed sampling method in patients with suspicion of localized pneumonia remain to be determined.

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