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- M Berthoud, D H Read, and J Norman.
- Anaesthesia. 1983 Feb 1; 38 (2): 96-102.
AbstractPre-oxygenation was studied in 12 fit volunteers and 20 patients using an oxygen flow of 8 litres/minute delivered from a standard anaesthetic machine via a Magill or Bain breathing attachment. End-tidal nitrogen concentrations of 4% or less were achieved within 3 minutes; the fastest times were achieved using the Magill breathing system when the reservoir bag was filled with oxygen prior to application to the face. Gas-tight fits of face masks on patients were found to be essential.
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