• Dale J Langford, Steven M Paul, Claudia West, Gary Abrams, Charles Elboim, Jon D Levine, Deborah Hamolsky, Judith A Luce, Kord M Kober, John M Neuhaus, Bruce A Cooper, Bradley E Aouizerat, and Christine Miaskowski.
• School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, California.
• J Pain. 2014 Dec 1; 15 (12): 123812471238-47.

UnlabelledPersistent pain following breast cancer surgery is well documented. However, it is not well characterized in terms of the anatomic site affected (ie, breast, arm). In 2 separate growth mixture modeling analyses, we identified subgroups of women (N = 398) with distinct breast pain and arm pain trajectories. The fact that these latent classes differed by anatomic site, types of tissue affected, and neural innervation patterns suggests the need for separate evaluations of these distinct persistent pain conditions. The purposes of this companion study were to identify demographic and clinical characteristics that differed between the 2 arm pain classes and determine if differences existed over time in sensitivity in the upper inner arm and axillary lymph node dissection sites, pain qualities, pain interference, and hand and arm function, as well as to compare findings with persistent breast pain. Higher occurrence rates for depression and lymphedema were found in the moderate arm pain class. Regardless of pain group membership, sensory loss was observed in the upper inner arm and axillary lymph node dissection site. Arm pain was described similarly to neuropathic pain and interfered with daily functioning. Persistent arm pain was associated with sustained impairments in shoulder mobility.PerspectiveFor persistent breast and arm pain, changes in sensation following breast cancer surgery were notable. Persistent arm pain was associated with sustained interference with daily functioning and upper body mobility impairments. Long-term management of persistent pain following breast cancer surgery is warranted to improve the quality of survivorship for these women.Copyright © 2014 American Pain Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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