• Jens Bak Sommer, Anne Norup, Ingrid Poulsen, and Jesper Morgensen.
• Research Unit on BRain Injury rehabilitation, Copenhagen, Department of Neurorehabilitation, Traumatic Brain Injury Unit, Copenhagen, Denmark. jens.sommer@sund.ku.dk
• J Rehabil Med. 2013 Sep 1; 45 (8): 778-84.

ObjectiveTo examine cognitive activity limitations and predictors of outcome 1 year post-trauma in patients admitted to sub-acute rehabilitation after severe traumatic brain injury.SubjectsThe study included 119 patients with severe traumatic brain injury admitted to centralized sub-acute rehabilitation in the Eastern part of Denmark during a 5-year period from 2005 to 2009.MethodsLevel of consciousness was assessed consecutively during rehabilitation and at 1 year post-trauma. Severity of traumatic brain injury was classified according to duration of post-traumatic amnesia. The cognitive subscale of Functional Independence MeasureTM (Cog-FIM) was used to assess cognitive activity limitations. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors of an independent level of functioning.ResultsThe majority of patients progressed to a post-confusional level of consciousness during the first year post-trauma. At follow-up 33-58% of patients had achieved functional independence within the cognitive domains on the Cog-FIM. Socio-economic status, duration of acute care and post-traumatic amnesia were significant predictors of outcome.ConclusionSubstantial recovery was documented among patients with severe traumatic brain injury during the first year post-trauma. The results of the current study suggest that absence of consciousness at discharge from acute care should not preclude patients from being referred to specialized sub-acute rehabilitation.

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