• Michael D Hill, Renee H Martin, David Mikulis, John H Wong, Frank L Silver, Karel G Terbrugge, Geneviève Milot, Wayne M Clark, R Loch Macdonald, Michael E Kelly, Melford Boulton, Ian Fleetwood, Cameron McDougall, Thorsteinn Gunnarsson, Michael Chow, Cheemun Lum, Robert Dodd, Julien Poublanc, Timo Krings, Andrew M Demchuk, Mayank Goyal, Roberta Anderson, Julie Bishop, David Garman, Michael Tymianski, and ENACT trial investigators.
• Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada. michael.hill@ucalgary.ca
• Lancet Neurol. 2012 Nov 1;11(11):942-50.

BackgroundNeuroprotection with NA-1 (Tat-NR2B9c), an inhibitor of postsynaptic density-95 protein, has been shown in a primate model of stroke. We assessed whether NA-1 could reduce ischaemic brain damage in human beings.MethodsFor this double-blind, randomised, controlled study, we enrolled patients aged 18 years or older who had a ruptured or unruptured intracranial aneurysm amenable to endovascular repair from 14 hospitals in Canada and the USA. We used a computer-generated randomisation sequence to allocate patients to receive an intravenous infusion of either NA-1 or saline control at the end of their endovascular procedure (1:1; stratified by site, age, and aneurysm status). Both patients and investigators were masked to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was safety and primary clinical outcomes were the number and volume of new ischaemic strokes defined by MRI at 12-95 h after infusion. We used a modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00728182.FindingsBetween Sept 16, 2008, and March 30, 2011, we randomly allocated 197 patients to treatment-12 individuals did not receive treatment because they were found to be ineligible after randomisation, so the mITT population consisted of 185 individuals, 92 in the NA-1 group and 93 in the placebo group. Two minor adverse events were adjudged to be associated with NA-1; no serious adverse events were attributable to NA-1. We recorded no difference between groups in the volume of lesions by either diffusion-weighted MRI (adjusted p value=0·120) or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI (adjusted p value=0·236). Patients in the NA-1 group sustained fewer ischaemic infarcts than did patients in the placebo group, as gauged by diffusion-weighted MRI (adjusted incidence rate ratio 0·53, 95% CI 0·38-0·74) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery MRI (0·59, 0·42-0·83).InterpretationOur findings suggest that neuroprotection in human ischaemic stroke is possible and that it should be investigated in larger trials.FundingNoNO Inc and Arbor Vita Corp.Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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