• Andrea Lessa, Cleide Suguihara, Shuming Xianyu, Dorothy Hehre, Carlos Devia, and Eduardo Bancalari.
• Department of Pediatrics (R-131), Division of Neonatology, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, PO Box 016960, Miami, FL 33101, USA.
• Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Jan 1; 21 (1): 54-60.

BackgroundVolume-induced lung injury is associated with lung inflammation. Pentoxifylline inhibits cytokine release and modulates neutrophil function.ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of pentoxifylline in the attenuation of lung inflammation induced by high tidal volume ventilation.DesignAdult rats were randomly assigned to receive saline as placebo or pentoxifylline (100mg/kg over 30 min, followed by 50mg/kg/h) before and during 4h of high tidal volume ventilation (20 ml/kg). Bronchoalveolar fluid inflammatory mediators were measured at baseline and after 4h of ventilation. Lung tissue myeloperoxidase activity and wet/dry lung weight were assessed upon completion of the study.ResultsBronchoalveolar tumor necrosis factor-alpha (pentoxifylline vs. placebo; 192+/-61 vs. 543+/-99 pg/ml; p<0.007) and thromboxane B(2) (262+/-26 vs. 418+/-49 pg/ml; p<0.02) concentrations, lung myeloperoxidase activity (0.5+/-0.1 vs. 1.2+/-0.2U/mg; p<0.003) and wet/dry weight (6.1+/-0.2 vs. 7.1+/-0.3; p<0.01) were all significantly lower in the pentoxifylline-treated group.ConclusionPentoxifylline was effective in reducing inflammatory lung injury associated with high tidal volume ventilation.

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