• Wei Han, Jiangang Song, Aiqing Liu, Kaiming Huo, Falin Xu, Shihong Cui, Xiaoyang Wang, and Changlian Zhu.
• Department of Pediatrics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Kangfuqain Street 7, Zhengzhou, China.
• Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2011 Apr 1; 90 (4): 332-7.

ObjectiveTo evaluate changing trends in neonatal births and deaths in a provincial women's and children's hospital over the past 20 years.DesignRetrospective longitudinal study.SettingHenan Provincial Women's and Children's Hospital, China.PopulationLive births in Henan Provincial Women's and Children's Hospital from January 1987 to December 2006.MethodsData was stratified by sex, birth weight, delivery type, maternal age, gestational age, and single or multiple births. The incidence of low Apgar scores and neonatal death was calculated for each fiscal year.Main Outcome MeasuresTrends in the fundamental status of hospital-born live births and risk factors for neonatal death.Results26 760 hospital live births were included. The ratio of males to females was 1.16:1. The mean gestational age decreased from 39.5±1.4 weeks to 38.4±2.5 weeks (p <0.001) and multiple births increased from 1.5 to 7.3% (p<0.001). The proportion of preterm births increased from 4.7 to 18.9% (p<0.001), maternal age increased from 25.9±3.7 years to 29.0±4.4 years (p<0.001), and cesarean deliveries increased from 23.7 to 65.5% (p<0.001). The incidence of low Apgar scores decreased from 12.9 to 1.1% (p<0.001). The incidence of neonatal death was 8.5/1 000 live births, with preterm births and low Apgar scores accounting for 72.8 and 16.2% of all neonatal deaths, respectively.ConclusionPreterm births, multiple births, and cesarean deliveries increased dramatically. Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal death.© 2011 The Authors Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica© 2011 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

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