• Frank W Moler, Jamie S Hutchison, Vinay M Nadkarni, Faye S Silverstein, Kathleen L Meert, Richard Holubkov, Kent Page, Beth S Slomine, James R Christensen, J Michael Dean, and Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Out-of-Hospital Trial Investigators.
• 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI. 2Critical Care Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada. 3Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA. 4Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI. 5Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT. 6Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Neuropsychology, Kennedy Krieger Institute and Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2016 Aug 1; 17 (8): 712-20.

ObjectiveTo describe outcomes and complications in the drowning subgroup from the Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Out-of-Hospital trial.DesignExploratory post hoc cohort analysis.SettingTwenty-four PICUs.PatientsPediatric drowning cases.InterventionsTherapeutic hypothermia versus therapeutic normothermia.Measurements And Main ResultsAn exploratory study of pediatric drowning from the Therapeutic Hypothermia After Pediatric Cardiac Arrest Out-of-Hospital trial was conducted. Comatose patients aged more than 2 days and less than 18 years were randomized up to 6 hours following return-of-circulation to hypothermia (n = 46) or normothermia (n = 28). Outcomes assessed included 12-month survival with a Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale score of greater than or equal to 70, 1-year survival rate, change in Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II score from prearrest to 12 months, and select safety measures. Seventy-four drowning cases were randomized. In patients with prearrest Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II greater than or equal to 70 (n = 65), there was no difference in 12-month survival with Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II score of greater than or equal to 70 between hypothermia and normothermia groups (29% vs 17%; relative risk, 1.74; 95% CI, 0.61-4.95; p = 0.27). Among all evaluable patients (n = 68), the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale-II score change from baseline to 12 months did not differ (p = 0.46), and 1-year survival was similar (49% hypothermia vs 42%, normothermia; relative risk, 1.16; 95% CI, 0.68-1.99; p = 0.58). Hypothermia was associated with a higher prevalence of positive bacterial culture (any blood, urine, or respiratory sample; 67% vs 43%; p = 0.04); however, the rate per 100 days at risk did not differ (11.1 vs 8.4; p = 0.46). Cumulative incidence of blood product use, serious arrhythmias, and 28-day mortality were not different. Among patients with cardiopulmonary resuscitation durations more than 30 minutes or epinephrine doses greater than 4, none had favorable Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category outcomes (≤ 3).ConclusionsIn comatose survivors of out-of-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest due to drowning, hypothermia did not result in a statistically significant benefit in survival with good functional outcome or mortality at 1 year, as compared with normothermia. High risk of culture-proven bacterial infection was observed in both groups.

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