• Y Ploysongsang, V K Iyer, and P A Ramamoorthy.
• Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Ohio.
• Respiration. 1990 Jan 1; 57 (5): 313-7.

AbstractUnfiltered breath sounds (NF) from the apical area of the heart, lung volume and ECG signals were recorded in 5 normal subjects. The signals were digitized and subjected to three methods of heart sound cancellation: 75-Hz high-pass filtering (75 HF), ECG-triggered blanking (BL) and adaptive filtering (AF). The sound signals were then subjected to the fast Fourier transform algorithm to obtain power spectra. Inspiratory and expiratory phase sounds of five breaths of each subject were analyzed separately. The inspiratory and expiratory sound power spectra were very similar and skewed slightly to the right, and therefore characterized by median frequencies. The differences between inspiratory and expiratory median frequencies were insignificant for NF: 42.90 +/- 2.03 (mean +/- SD) vs. 46.64 +/- 2.53 Hz (p greater than 0.1); for 75 HF: 106.43 +/- 10.27 vs. 118.22 +/- 6.30 Hz (p greater than 0.5); for BL: 44.46 +/- 3.33 vs. 66.73 +/- 2.93 Hz (p greater than 0.1), for AF: 49.72 +/- 5.68 vs. 79.20 +/- 13.07 Hz (p greater than 0.1). We conclude that the lack of significant differences suggests similar mechanisms and sites of production of inspiratory and expiratory vesicular breath sounds.

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