• Trine Oksholm, Tone Rustoen, Bruce Cooper, Steven M Paul, Steinar Solberg, Kari Henriksen, Johny Steinar Kongerud, and Christine Miaskowski.
• Division of Emergencies and Critical Care, Ullevål, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway. Electronic address: trine.oksholm@rr-research.no.
• J Pain Symptom Manage. 2015 Jun 1; 49 (6): 995-1015.

ContextLimited information is available about lung cancer patients' symptoms in the pre- and postoperative periods.ObjectivesStudy purposes were to evaluate for changes in symptom occurrence and severity from the preoperative period to five months after surgery and to evaluate for predictors of the occurrence and trajectories of these symptoms.MethodsPatients completed the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale before and at one and five months after surgery. Changes in the six most common physical symptoms and the most common psychological symptom were evaluated using multilevel growth mixture modeling. Age, gender, comorbidity, and receipt of adjuvant chemotherapy were included as covariates in the conditional models for symptom occurrence and severity.ResultsThe total number of symptoms increased significantly from the preoperative to the one month assessment. At five months, the number of symptoms was lower than at one month but significantly higher than at the preoperative assessment. The occurrence of five of the symptoms (i.e., pain, lack of energy, shortness of breath, feeling drowsy, and worrying) increased significantly from before through the first month after surgery and then decreased over time. Cough and difficulty sleeping persisted over the five months of the study. In general, the effect of the four covariates was to increase patients' overall symptom burden.ConclusionChanges in the occurrence and severity of these seven symptoms were variable. All seven symptoms occurred at relatively high rates and were of moderate severity. Findings can be used to identify patients who are at higher risk for more severe symptoms.Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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