• Ryu Okumura, Takashi Kurakawa, Takashi Nakano, Hisako Kayama, Makoto Kinoshita, Daisuke Motooka, Kazuyoshi Gotoh, Taishi Kimura, Naganori Kamiyama, Takashi Kusu, Yoshiyasu Ueda, Hong Wu, Hideki Iijima, Soumik Barman, Hideki Osawa, Hiroshi Matsuno, Junichi Nishimura, Yusuke Ohba, Shota Nakamura, Tetsuya Iida, Masahiro Yamamoto, Eiji Umemoto, Koichi Sano, and Kiyoshi Takeda.
• Laboratory of Immune Regulation, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
• Nature. 2016 Apr 7; 532 (7597): 117-21.

AbstractColonic epithelial cells are covered by thick inner and outer mucus layers. The inner mucus layer is free of commensal microbiota, which contributes to the maintenance of gut homeostasis. In the small intestine, molecules critical for prevention of bacterial invasion into epithelia such as Paneth-cell-derived anti-microbial peptides and regenerating islet-derived 3 (RegIII) family proteins have been identified. Although there are mucus layers providing physical barriers against the large number of microbiota present in the large intestine, the mechanisms that separate bacteria and colonic epithelia are not fully elucidated. Here we show that Ly6/PLAUR domain containing 8 (Lypd8) protein prevents flagellated microbiota invading the colonic epithelia in mice. Lypd8, selectively expressed in epithelial cells at the uppermost layer of the large intestinal gland, was secreted into the lumen and bound flagellated bacteria including Proteus mirabilis. In the absence of Lypd8, bacteria were present in the inner mucus layer and many flagellated bacteria invaded epithelia. Lypd8(-/-) mice were highly sensitive to intestinal inflammation induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Antibiotic elimination of Gram-negative flagellated bacteria restored the bacterial-free state of the inner mucus layer and ameliorated DSS-induced intestinal inflammation in Lypd8(-/-) mice. Lypd8 bound to flagella and suppressed motility of flagellated bacteria. Thus, Lypd8 mediates segregation of intestinal bacteria and epithelial cells in the colon to preserve intestinal homeostasis.

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