• Robert Gramling, Mechelle Sanders, Susan Ladwig, Sally A Norton, Ronald Epstein, and Stewart C Alexander.
• University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA. Electronic address: Robert_Gramling@URMC.Rochester.edu.
• J Pain Symptom Manage. 2015 Nov 1; 50 (5): 701-6.

ContextPalliative care (PC) promotes patient-centered outcomes, but the mechanisms underlying these effects remain poorly understood. Identifying, clarifying, and prioritizing patients' goals are conceptually fundamental to the process of patient-centeredness and are the main reasons for PC referral. However, very little is empirically known about the content or process of goal expression in the natural setting of PC.ObjectivesTo describe the frequency, types, and determinants of goal expression in PC consultations.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional direct observational study of 72 audiorecorded PC consultations with hospitalized patients (and families) referred for PC goals of care clarification or end-of-life decision making. We coded digital audio files using reliable methods and linked conversation codes to clinical record and brief clinician interview data.ResultsGoal expressions occurred frequently in PC consultations and addressed both length-of-life and quality-of-life domains. The presence of existential suffering in the conversation was associated with substantially more expressions and types of goals.ConclusionGoal communication is common in PC decision-making settings and strongly influenced by existential suffering.Copyright © 2015 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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