• Hyo-Jin Byon, Seung-Jun Lee, Jin-Tae Kim, and Hee-Soo Kim.
• Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
• Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2012 Apr 1;29(4):192-6.

ContextPostoperative nausea and vomiting remains a clinically important problem after strabismus surgery in children.ObjectiveTo study the benefit of adding midazolam to ramosetron on the incidence of postoperative nausea, retching or vomiting and on the incidence of postoperative agitation.DesignA randomised, double-blind comparison.SettingThe operating theatre suite and day care unit of Seoul National University Hospital. The study period was January to December 2010.PatientsIn total, 405 paediatric patients (aged 4-12 years) undergoing strabismus surgery were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups, ramosetron or ramosetron with midazolam.InterventionPatients received either ramosetron 6 μg kg or ramosetron 6 μg kg and midazolam 0.1 mg kg prior to induction of anaesthesia.Main Outcome MeasuresThe incidences of nausea, retching or vomiting in the first 48 h after surgery, and the incidence of emergence agitation in the post-anaesthetic care unit.ResultThe incidences of nausea, retching or vomiting during the first and second 24-h periods after surgery were similar in the two groups. There was a small, clinically insignificant reduction in delirium scores in the ramosetron with midazolam group.ConclusionAdding midazolam to ramosetron had no advantages over ramosetron alone in reducing the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children undergoing strabismus surgery.

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