• Howard E Jeffries and Michael G Gaies.
• 1Department of Pediatrics, Section of Critical Care Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA. 2Department of Pediatrics, Section of Cardiology, University of Michigan Medical School, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI.
• Pediatr Crit Care Me. 2016 Aug 1; 17 (8 Suppl 1): S362-6.

ObjectivesIn this review, the current state of outcomes analysis and quality improvement in children with acquired and congenital cardiovascular disease will be discussed, with an emphasis on defining and measuring outcomes and quality in pediatric cardiac critical care medicine and risk stratification systems.Data SourceMEDLINE and PubMedConclusion: Measuring quality and outcomes in the pediatric cardiac critical care environment is challenging owing to many inherent obstacles, including a diverse patient mix, difficulty in determining how the care of the ICU team contributes to outcomes, and the lack of an adequate risk-adjustment method for pediatric cardiac critical care patients. Despite these barriers, new solutions are emerging that capitalize on lessons learned from other quality improvement initiatives, providing opportunities to build upon previous successes.

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