• E S Ogata, J A Kitterman, F Kleinberg, L Dong, M Willis, J Mates, and R H Phibbs.
• Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1977 May 15; 128 (2): 197-200.

AbstractWe measured the residual placental blood volume (RPBV) of 20 infants delivered at term by cesarean section of women not in labor. In all cases, the umbilical cord was clamped within 40 seconds of birth. RPBV decreased significantly with increasing age at cord clamping. In addition, RPBV for infants with cords clamped within 20 seconds of birth correlated inversely with maternal systolic blood pressure (mean RPBV = 54.8 ml. per kilogram at 105 torr and 28.4 ml. per kilogram at 148 torr). However, RPBV did not correlate with maternal blood pressure for the whole group of 20 infants or for those with cords clamped later than 20 seconds after birth. These data indicated that in infants delivered by cesarean section placental transfusion is time related during the first 40 seconds of life and that maternal blood pressure also influences the magnitude of placental transfusion during the first 20 seconds after birth. Analysis of data from this study combined with data from a previous study shows that after 40 seconds the net flow between placenta and infant reverses and that cord clamping delayed beyond this point is accompanied by a rise in RPBV back to the level found when the cord was clamped before 20 seconds.

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