• Lorelei A Lingard, Allan McDougall, Valerie Schulz, Joshua Shadd, Denise Marshall, Patricia H Strachan, Glendon R Tait, J Malcolm Arnold, and Gil Kimel.
• Centre for Education Research & Innovation, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada. Lorelei.Lingard@schulich.uwo.ca
• J Pain Symptom Manage. 2013 May 1; 45 (5): 901911901-11.

ContextThere is a growing call to integrate palliative care for patients with advanced heart failure (HF). However, the knowledge to inform integration efforts comes largely from interview and survey research with individual patients and providers. This work has been critically important in raising awareness of the need for integration, but it is insufficient to inform solutions that must be enacted not by isolated individuals but by complex care teams. Research methods are urgently required to support systematic exploration of the experiences of patients with HF, family caregivers, and health care providers as they interact as a care team.ObjectivesTo design a research methodology that can support systematic exploration of the experiences of patients with HF, caregivers, and health care providers as they interact as a care team.MethodsThis article describes in detail a methodology that we have piloted and are currently using in a multisite study of HF care teams.ResultsWe describe three aspects of the methodology: the theoretical framework, an innovative sampling strategy, and an iterative system of data collection and analysis that incorporates four data sources and four analytical steps.ConclusionWe anticipate that this innovative methodology will support groundbreaking research in both HF care and other team settings in which palliative integration efforts are emerging for patients with advanced nonmalignant disease.Copyright © 2013 U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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