• Oscar Corli, Mauro Montanari, Silvia Deandrea, Maria Teresa Greco, Walter Villani, and Giovanni Apolone.
• Center for the Evaluation and Research on Pain, Mario Negri Institute of Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy. oscar.corli@marionegri.it
• Pain Med. 2012 Jul 1;13(7):897-907.

ObjectiveThis analysis, carried out in the context of a wider observational prospective study, tried to explore whether four World Health Organization/step-III opioids (morphine, oxycodone, fentanyl, and buprenorphine) had different effectiveness when using several different outcomes and endpoints.DesignCross-sectional and longitudinal design.SettingOncologic, palliative, and pain centers in Italy.PatientsTwo hundred fifty-eight cancer patients monitored over a 3-week follow-up program. Intervention.  Not applicable.Outcome MeasuresThe analgesic efficacy was assessed using effectiveness endpoints, such as pain intensity, pain intensity difference (PID), proportion of nonresponders (NR) and full-responders (FR) subjects, percentage of switches and dose escalation.ResultsMean values of PID led to differences among opioids ranging from 10% to 30%. FR (PID ≥ 30%) were more frequent in buprenorphine-fentanyl-oxycodone groups than in morphine; NR (PID ≤ 0%) were variable. The percentage of switches resulted three times more frequent when using morphine than buprenorphine (24.4% vs 8.6%). An increase of dose ≥ 5% a day was observed in 33.3% of fentanyl patients vs 15% of buprenorphine. As a whole, opioids show some different behaviors on the basis of the considered endpoints.ConclusionsThe observed results, even if the small sample size and the nature itself of the study do not allow a definitive evaluation of the effectiveness of the drugs, underline a degree of variability among opioids and address toward a correct planning of a comparative randomized clinical trial that is now underway in Italy. For this reason, a confirmative effectiveness randomized controlled trial is required.Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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