• Marja-Tellervo Mäkinen, Anne Pesonen, Irma Jousela, Janne Päivärinta, Satu Poikajärvi, Anders Albäck, Ulla-Stina Salminen, and Eero Pesonen.
• Division of Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine. Electronic address: makinentelle@gmail.com.
• J. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. 2016 Aug 1; 30 (4): 973-8.

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to compare deep body temperature obtained using a novel noninvasive continuous zero-heat-flux temperature measurement system with core temperatures obtained using conventional methods.DesignA prospective, observational study.SettingOperating room of a university hospital.ParticipantsThe study comprised 15 patients undergoing vascular surgery of the lower extremities and 15 patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.InterventionsZero-heat-flux thermometry on the forehead and standard core temperature measurements.Measurements And Main ResultsBody temperature was measured using a new thermometry system (SpotOn; 3M, St. Paul, MN) on the forehead and with conventional methods in the esophagus during vascular surgery (n = 15), and in the nasopharynx and pulmonary artery during cardiac surgery (n = 15). The agreement between SpotOn and the conventional methods was assessed using the Bland-Altman random-effects approach for repeated measures. The mean difference between SpotOn and the esophageal temperature during vascular surgery was+0.08°C (95% limit of agreement -0.25 to+0.40°C). During cardiac surgery, during off CPB, the mean difference between SpotOn and the pulmonary arterial temperature was -0.05°C (95% limits of agreement -0.56 to+0.47°C). Throughout cardiac surgery (on and off CPB), the mean difference between SpotOn and the nasopharyngeal temperature was -0.12°C (95% limits of agreement -0.94 to+0.71°C). Poor agreement between the SpotOn and nasopharyngeal temperatures was detected in hypothermia below approximately 32°C.ConclusionsAccording to this preliminary study, the deep body temperature measured using the zero-heat-flux system was in good agreement with standard core temperatures during lower extremity vascular and cardiac surgery. However, agreement was questionable during hypothermia below 32°C.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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