• R Areses Trapote, M A Urbieta Garagorri, M Ubetagoyena Arrieta, M T Alzueta Beneite, D Arruebarrena Lizarraga, I Eizaguirre Sexmilo, F Rodríguez Mazorriaga, and J I Emparanza Knorr.
• Sección de Nefrología Pediátrica, Instituto Oncológico de Guipúzcoa, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, España. rareses@chdo.osakidetza.net
• An Pediatr (Barc). 2007 Aug 1; 67 (2): 123-32.

BackgroundMost primary non-refluxing megaureters resolve spontaneously and the indications for surgery are not sufficiently well established.ObjectivesTo analyze the clinical features, treatment and outcome of asymptomatic primary non-refluxing megaureter.Patients And MethodsWe retrospectively studied 58 infants with primary non-refluxing megaureter. The diagnostic methods used were renal ultrasound, renal isotopic renogram, DMSA scan, and evaluation of renal function.ResultsThe mean age at postnatal diagnosis was 24 days. The mean follow-up was 4 years. Sixty-nine percent of the patients were male. Fifty-seven percent were left megaureters and 22% were bilateral (71 affected renal units). Eleven percent of megaureters were grade I, 48% were grade II, and 41% were grade III. Only nine patients (15%) received surgical treatment. The indications for surgical treatment were severe megaureter (3/9 patients; 33%), prolonged T1/2 (3/9 patients; 33%), reduced function (1/9 patients; 11%), prolonged T1/2 plus reduced function (1/9 patients; 11%) and increased dilation (1/9 patients; 11%). The mean age at surgery was 7 months. Outcomes in the non-surgical group (85% of the patients; 60 renal units) were as follows: 90% of megaureters were corrected or improved on ultrasound scan and 10% showed no change. In the first renogram, function was low in 4/60 kidneys (7%) and T1/2 was prolonged in 3/60 (5%). Finally, all kidneys in the non-surgical group had normal function, except one, which was injured from the beginning. T1/2 was normal in all kidneys. Outcomes in the surgical group (10 megaureters) were as follows: 80% of megaureters were corrected or improved after surgical intervention and 20% showed no change. At diagnosis, 4/10 kidneys (40%) had reduced function. In the post-surgical renogram 2/10 kidneys (20%) continued to show reduced function, 1/10 kidney (10%) showed restored renal function, and 1/10 kidney (10%) was nephrectomized. Initial T1/2 was prolonged in 4/10 patients (40%), and after surgery T1/2 was normal in all patients. The final DMSA scan showed 5/71 kidneys (7%) with irreversible damage (one slightly injured, two moderately injured, and three severely injured). The remaining 66 kidneys were normal. Overall renal function and blood pressure were normal in all patients.ConclusionsPrimary non-refluxing megaureter is usually a functional and benign congenital malformation that resolves during the first months of life. Although the malformation can persist, only a few patients require surgical treatment. Most authors agree that initial treatment should not be surgical and that surgery should be reserved for patients who develop ureteral dilation, a decrease in differential renal function, and/or severe symptoms during follow-up. In a few patients (7% of our series), the renal unit belonging to the megaureter shows irreversible congenital injury. In these patients, surgery is not useful.

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